Abnormal uterine bleeding is bleeding from the uterus that differs from a person’s usual menstrual pattern. This may include periods that are heavier than usual, last longer than expected, occur irregularly or more frequently, or bleeding between periods. Bleeding after menopause is also considered abnormal and should be assessed by a healthcare professional. There are many possible causes, including hormonal changes, uterine fibroids, polyps, certain medications, bleeding disorders, and pregnancy-related complications. The appropriate assessment and treatment depend on the person’s symptoms, age, medical history, and the cause of the bleeding. Common Symptoms Abnormal uterine bleeding may include:

• Menstrual periods that are unusually heavy or prolonged.
• Bleeding or spotting between periods.
• Menstrual cycles that become irregular or occur more frequently than usual.
• Bleeding after sexual intercourse.
• Bleeding after menopause.
• Tiredness, weakness, dizziness, or shortness of breath, which may occur if blood loss leads to anaemia.

When to Seek Medical Advice Contact a healthcare professional if you experience persistent, unusual, or unexplained uterine bleeding, or any bleeding after menopause. Seek urgent medical attention if bleeding is very heavy, you feel faint or severely dizzy, or you experience severe abdominal or pelvic pain. If pregnancy is possible and you have bleeding with severe pain, shoulder-tip pain, or fainting, seek emergency care.